![]() ![]() They’re always the bad guys, and bad guys are in the business of cutting down those who challenge the system, a notion only confirmed by the subsequent deaths of Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and others - at least for those who saw a hidden hand behind those deaths. Of course these anonymous men who meet in secret to maintain the status quo are the bad guys. The film’s shadowy conspirators provide viewers with villains at once detestable and comfortingly familiar. It also captures how Kennedy’s death came to symbolize the moment everything went wrong for a whole generation. Its tastefulness remains an open question, but the film is a perfect encapsulation of how quickly conspiracy theories attached themselves to the Kennedy assassination. The rest of the film meticulously lays out how their plan unfolds.Įxecutive Action stirred up considerable controversy in the early ’70s, with many critics arguing the whole project was in poor taste. All (eventually) agree that Kennedy has to be taken out because of his support for civil rights, his plan to end the war in Vietnam, and other perceived inconveniences. ![]() It opens on a secret meeting of conservative titans played by the familiar faces Burt Lancaster, Robert Ryan, Will Geer, and others. Mixing documentary footage with reenactments and dramatic scenes (not unlike a later, more famous Kennedy assassination movie), Executive Action wastes no time establishing who killed Kennedy. It’s hard to direct anything but faint praise toward the grandaddy of all Kennedy assassination movies, but this Dalton Trumbo–scripted docudrama - taken from a story by playwright Donald Freed and Rush to Judgment author Mark Lane - remains a fascinating document of a particular moment in conspiratorial thinking. But we can explore the question via some compelling films inspired by the deepest, darkest pockets of political discourse. Would our distrust of the government have deepened quite as intensely after Watergate were it not for the Watergate-inspired films that followed it? We may never know. Here’s Hofstadter again: “Style has more to do with the way in which ideas are believed than with the truth or falsity of their content.” In the right hands, conspiracy theory–inspired movies tap into a deeper sense of unease and distrust. What might not literally be accurate can still be metaphorically true. You won’t find Close Encounters of the Third Kind, for instance, even though it feeds off the paranoid mood of the era, or stories of corporate conspiracies, real or fictional, like The Insider and Michael Clayton.) ![]() (And for this list we’ve kept the focus on conspiracy theory movies with political implications. The sense that we live in a world filled with dark forces and sinister plots can be queasily intoxicating. Yet the same elements that can make for irresponsible journalism - and conspiracy theories have a tendency to fall apart upon close examination - can prove irresistible to storytellers. ![]() Misleading - and often outright false - documentaries have been used to push everything from 9/11 conspiracy theories to COVID-19 disinformation to alleged UFO cover-ups to whatever nonsense Dinesh D’Souza is trying to push on any given day. Movies have had a complex relationship with conspiracy theories. Writing today, Hofstadter would have have little trouble extending that line, from the Kennedy assassination theories that started to crop up immediately after the president’s death the previous November through internet-fueled conspiratorial thinking that has become a prominent part of the 2020 presidential election thanks to QAnon. Writing in 1964, Hofstadter connected the dots between eruptions of panic about the Illuminati and Freemasonry through anti-Catholic conspiracy theories up to the anti-communist hysteria of the McCarthy era. In his essay “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” historian Richard Hofstadter identified a “sense of heated exaggeration, suspiciousness, and conspiratorial fantasy” that served as a recurring pattern in American history (though not exclusively in American history). Robert Redford in Three Days of the Condor. ![]()
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